ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat aktif
(active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan,
sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya
dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian,
sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di
majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena
object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan
dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive
voice
Subject dari
active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi
perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’. Verb1
(fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice. Ditambahkannya
be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject
passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di
bawah). Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari
passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya
tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat
progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future
perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak
ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola
sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
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Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a.
Jika active voice dalam simple
present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active
: He meets them everyday.
Passive :
They are met by him everyday.
Active
: She waters this plant every two days.
Passive :
This plant is watered by her every two days.
b.
Jika active voice dalam simple past
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
Active
: He met them yesterday
Passive :
They were met by him yesterday
Active
: She watered this plant this morning
Passive :
This plant was watered by her this morning
c.
Jika active voice dalam present
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active
: He has met them
Passive :
They have been met by him
Active
: She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive :
This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active
: He had met them before I came.
Passive :
They had been met by him before I came.
Active
: She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive :
This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e.
Jika active voice dalam simple
future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active
: He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive :
They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active
: She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive :
This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active
: The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive :
The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f.
Jika active voice dalam future
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active
: He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive :
They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active :
She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive :
This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g.
Jika active voice dalam past future
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active
: He would have met them.
Passive :
They would have been met by him.
Active
: She would have watered this plant.
Passive :
This plant would have been watered by her.
h.
Jika active voice dalam present continuous
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active
: He is meeting them now.
Passive :
They are being met by him now.
Active
: She is watering this plant now.
Passive :
This plant is being watered by her now.
i.
Jika active voice dalam past
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active
: He was meeting them.
Passive :
They were being met by him.
Active
: She was watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant was being watered by her.
j.
Jika active voice dalam perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
Active
: He has been meeting them.
Passive :
They have been being met by him.
Active
: She has been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant has been being watered by her.
k.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active
: He had been meeting them.
Passive :
They had been being met by him.
Active
: She had been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant had been being watered by her.
l.
Jika active voice dalam future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
Active
: He will be meeting them.
Passive :
They will be being met by him.
Active
: She will be watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant will be being watered by her.
m.
Jika active voice dalam past future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active
: He would be meeting them.
Passive :
They would be being met by him.
Active
: She would be watering this plant.
Passive
: This plant would be being watered by her.
n.
Jika active voice dalam future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been +
being.
Contoh:
Active
: He will have been meeting them.
Passive :
They will have been being met by him.
Active
: She will have been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant will have been being watered by her.
o.
Jika active voice dalam past future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been +
being.
Contoh:
Active
: He would be meeting them.
Passive :
They would be being met by him.
Active
: She would be watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
Koko’s nose is
bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang
berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
The Indonesian
football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia
dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
These plants
were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh
adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
There is no
meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa.
Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
English is
studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua
murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).
That’s all. Untuk mengetahui pemahaman anda dalam kalimat aktif dan
kalimat pasif, silakan kerjakan Practice test 5.
RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS
RUMUS 16 TENSES
Kata Kerja
Kata Kerja
adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada
rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V
saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis
sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3,
Ving.
Kata Kerja
bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go,
write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk
ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja
bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk
kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan
bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada
yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada
rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi
kita orang Indonesia, haha.
Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya
mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED”
seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played. Walaupun ada aturannya
tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja
beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar
Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang
Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):
Misalnya kata
kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk.
Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken. Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving?
Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap
tenses bahasa inggris
1.
Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a.
Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang
Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S + V1 +
O/C
- } S + Do/does
+ not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S
+ V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads
book everyday
- } Sisca does
not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca
Read book everyday
Yes He does /
No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You,
They = do
He, She, It =
Does
Contoh kalimat
:
(+) She is a
new people here.
(+) He plays
football every morning
(-) She isn’t a
new people here.
(-) He does not
playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a
new people here?
(?) How playing
football every morning?
b.
Present Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan
suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1
+ ing + O/C
>> + } They
are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be +
not + V1 + ing + O/C
>> – } They
are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1
+ ing + O/C
>> ? } Are
they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are /
no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you =
are
He, She, It =
Is
Contoh dalam
kalimat :
(+) He is
playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t
playing badminton now.
(?) Is he
playing badminton now.
c.
Present Perfect Tense (Waktu
Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you have
eaten mine.
(-) she has not
been to Rome
(?) have you
finished?
d.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S +
have/has + been + Ving
(-): S +
have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has +
S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She has
been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have
been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t
been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t
been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she
been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He
been riding a horse for three days ?
2.
Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a.
Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau
Sederhana)
Rumus :
+}
S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-}
S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+
S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at
school yesterday
-} We were not
at school yesterday
?} were we at
school yesterday ?
For I, He, She,
It = Was
They, we, you =
were
Contoh :
(+) I saw a
good film last night
(+) He came
here last month
(-) I saw not a
good film last night
(-) He came not
last month
(?) Saw I a
good film last night
(?) Came He
here last month
b.
Past Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S +
was/were + Ving
(-): S +
was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were +
S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He was
watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were
talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t
watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They
weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He
watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they
talking about sport when I met him
c.
Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna
Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had +
V3
(-): S + had +
not + V3
(?): Had + S +
V3
Contoh :
(+) When my
brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship
had left before I arrived
(-) When my
brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship
hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my
motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the
ship left before I arrived?
d.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) They had
been living there for two month
(+) When they
washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t
been living there for two month
(-) When they
washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they
been living there for two month?
(?) When they
washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?
3.
Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a.
Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan
Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will
visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met
girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go
to America next month?
(+) President
shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President
shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall
President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?
b.
Future Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Akan Datang)Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will be
writing a comic.
(+) I will be
studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not
writing a comic.
(-) I will not
be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be
writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be
studying tomorrow night ?
c.
Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna
Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
Contoh :
(+)
Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+)
Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-)
Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?)
Willyou havearrived?
(?)
Willthey havereceivedit?
d.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will have
been reading a news paper.
(+) He will
have been listening music.
(-) I will
haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will
haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have
been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He
have listening a music ?
4.
Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di
Waktu Lampau)
a.
Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang
Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + V1
Negatif: S +
would + not + V1
Tanya:
Would + S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He would
come if you invited him.
(+) They would
buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t
come if invited him.
(-) They
wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He
come if invited him ?
(?) Would they
buy a home the previous day ?
b.
Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu
Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + be + Ving
Negatif: S +
would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would +
S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I should be
swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be
sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t
be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shalln’t
be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be
swimming at this time the following day ?
(?) Shall I be
sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c.
Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu
Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + have + V3
Negatif: S +
would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would +
S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He would
have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will
have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t
have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will
have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He
have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok
have studied month by the end of this week ?
d.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang
Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S +
would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S +
would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would +
S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati would
have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa
Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati
would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa
Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati
wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs.
Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would
Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?
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