INTRODUCTION TO
LETERATURE POETRY
CHAPTER 1
A. Backgraound
Literature is the
result of human work or works that can be devoted through written expressions
that use language as the medium. Besides
that literature is also the result of someone's work expressed through
beautiful writing, so that the work enjoyed has aesthetic value and can attract
readers to enjoy it. In literature there is
Poetry. Poetry is a type of scientific work or literary work. Poetry is a
scientific work that is used to express imagination or feeling. Poetry there are
two types namely old and new poetry.
B. Problem
Problem formulation In this paper the author identifies the following problems:
Problem formulation In this paper the author identifies the following problems:
1.
What is the definition of poetry?
2. poetry elements?
3. What kind of poetry?
2. poetry elements?
3. What kind of poetry?
C. Purpose
Write for purposes that want to be tired in learning this, namely:
1. Can know the definition of poetry.
2. Can know the elements of poetry.
3. Can know the types of poetry.
Write for purposes that want to be tired in learning this, namely:
1. Can know the definition of poetry.
2. Can know the elements of poetry.
3. Can know the types of poetry.
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
A.
Understanding poetry
Poetry
is one of the oldest genres in literary history. The first
an example back to ancient Greek literature.
Some
understanding of poetry according to experts
1. Herman Waluyo according to him Poetry is a written work of literature which is the first written man in a history.
2.
Thomas Carlye according
to Thomas Carlye Poetry is a thought expression that is accompanied by
musicalisation.
3.
Watt-dunton Poetry
is a concrete expression as well as its nature which is contained artistically
from a human mind with emotional and rhythmic language.[1]
4.
Sujidman Literature Poetry is a variety of literature in which the language
used is bound by a rhythm, a dimension, a rhyme, and also something in the arrangement
of lines and stanzas.
So we can conclude that poetry is as long as the work of the old satra which contains elements of iram, lyrics, diction which aims to convey as a means of the author to express feeling or imagination.
Elements
of poetry are divided into two, namely:
1.
Physical
structure of poetry
a. Typography
Typography
is a form of poetry that is filled with words, the left and right edges, and
does not have row settings until the lines of poetry are not always preceded by
capital letters and end with a dot.[2]
b.
Jurisdiction
Dictation
is a look at the words used by the poet in his poem. Because poetry has a solid
language, the choice of words that are appropriate and contain meaning must be
done
c. Image
Imagination
also with imagination is an element that involves the use of the human senses,
such as images of a vision, sound images and so on. The use of these images
aims at the efforts of the reader and the listener can also imagine that they
can even feel what the poet feels
d. Concrete Word
a
concrete word is a word that allows images to occur. This concrete word, for
example, a twilight gem can mean the beach or a suitable place to see where the
twilight comes from. The concrete word is imaginative so that it will be able
to cause or emerge images.
e. Language style
Language
style is a use of language that is of the nature as if it were alive and also
gave rise to a connotation meaning by using figurative language. Basically the
style of language used in this poem is in the form of an example, such as the
metaphorical, simile, anaphora, paradox and so on.
f.
Rhythm / Rima
2. Inner Poetry Structure
a.
Theme
The
theme is one of the main elements of making a poem because the theme is closely
related to the meaning released by the maker in poetry. Without a clear theme,
of course it will produce poetry that has no meaning.
b. Tone
Tones
are related to the poet's attitude towards his readers. The tone of the tone
used will vary, for example, with an arrogant tone, with a high tone, with a
low tone and so on.
c. Mandate
The
message is a message contained in a poem made. The message can be found by
interpreting the poem directly[4]
C.
Types of poetry
Poetry is divided into two, namely
1. Old poetry
old poetry is a type of poetry that is still bound or closely related to the rules and also the rules of writing that apply as follows:
a) Number of words contained in one line.
b) Number of lines of sentence contained in one verse.
c) Rhymes or rhymes.
d) Number of syllables.
e) Use of rhythm.[5]
Poetry is divided into two, namely
1. Old poetry
old poetry is a type of poetry that is still bound or closely related to the rules and also the rules of writing that apply as follows:
a) Number of words contained in one line.
b) Number of lines of sentence contained in one verse.
c) Rhymes or rhymes.
d) Number of syllables.
e) Use of rhythm.[5]
A. Characteristics of Old Poetry
Old poetry has the following characteristics:
1. It is unknown what the author's name is from the poem.
2. It is an oral literature because it is delivered and taught by word of mouth.
3. Very tied to rules and rules that apply, such as language style, diction, rhyme, other intonations.
B. Types of Old Poetry
1.
Charms
Charms
is a saying that is considered very important and sacred and has supernatural
powers, generally spells are used in a particular ceremony such as a mantra
used to reject the arrival of rain and vice versa.[6]
2. Pantun
Pantun
is a type of old poetry that still survives today. This poem has a poem a-a-a-a
or a-b-a-b, each of which has four or eight lines. The pantun can differentiate
karenda based on its theme, namely: humor, pantun anak, pantun life and so on.
3. Talibun
Talibun
is a pantun which has an even number of rows in each of the stanzas, usually
consisting of six, eight, ten lines or also multiples of the other two.
4. Poetry
Poetry
is a poetic work or literary work from Arabia that has or also has poetry
a-a-a-a. Usually this poem tells a story in which there is a message.
5. Karmina
Karmina is a very short or ordinary rhyme said with flash rhyme.
6. Gurindam
Karmina is a very short or ordinary rhyme said with flash rhyme.
6. Gurindam
Karmina
is a poem that only has two lines in the sentence in each of the verses, having
poems a-a-a-a also has an advice or message.[7]
2. New poetry
Understanding
New Poetry is a type of poetry that is no longer bound by rules, meaning that
this new poem has a freer form than old poetry in all things such as rhymes,
lines, stanzas, diction and so on.[8]
A. Characteristics of New Poetry
1. It is symmetrical or has a neat shape.
2. have regular rhymes.
3. Use poetry poetry more, or also the pantun pattern.
4. Generally in the form of four strands.
5. Consists of syntactic unity (gatra).
6. Each gatra consists of 4 to 5 syllables.[9]
B. New Types of Poetry
This
new poem can be categorized into 2 types, based on the content and based on the
form:
a.
New types of poetry based on their contents
1.
Ballads are poems that contain a story or story.
2.
The hymn is a poem of praise or praise that is directed or directed at God, the
State, or anything that is considered very important and sacred.
3.
Romance is a poem that expresses a feeling / feeling that generally gives rise
to a romantic effect.
4.
Ode is a poem whose nature gives praise to people who are very meritorious.
Generally this ode is given to parents, heroes, and also big people.
5. Epigram is a poetic work that contains a guide or teaching of life. This epigram means an element of teaching.
5. Epigram is a poetic work that contains a guide or teaching of life. This epigram means an element of teaching.
6.
Didactic is poetry with advice that leads to truth that can be used as a guide,
ikhtibar, there is an example.
7.
Elegi is a poem that expresses feelings of sadness or crying in the form of
lamentation to oneself, or lamenting an event or event.
8.
Satire is a poem in which contains elements of innuendo or criticism of someone
or everything.[10]
b. New Types of Poetry Based on the Shape
1.
Distikon
is a poem in which only there are only two lines in each stanza or often said
with poems of two strands.
2.
Terzinah
is a poem that has three lines in each stanza or also said with three strings
of poetry.
3.
Kuatrain
is a poem where there are four lines of sentences in each of the characters, or
four poems.
4.
Kuint
is a poem that has five lines in each of its characters or is called a poem of
five strands.
5.
Sectet
is a poem that has six lines of sentences in each verse or six poems.
6.
Septime is a poem that has seven lines
of sentences in each verse or seven poems.
7.
Octave is a poem that has eight lines
of sentences in each verse, or eight poems.
8. Sonnet is the most famous poem among poets because this sonnet seems difficult to create and becomes a challenge for a poet. Sonnet itself is a new type of poem which has fourteen lines of sentence which are divided into four verses, of which the first two verses contain four lines and the last two lines contain three lines.[11] So we can conclude from the discussion above that old poetry is poetry that is contained in various absolute rules such as rhyme, couplets, lines, and so on. Whereas new poetry is poetry that is not so strong.
8. Sonnet is the most famous poem among poets because this sonnet seems difficult to create and becomes a challenge for a poet. Sonnet itself is a new type of poem which has fourteen lines of sentence which are divided into four verses, of which the first two verses contain four lines and the last two lines contain three lines.[11] So we can conclude from the discussion above that old poetry is poetry that is contained in various absolute rules such as rhyme, couplets, lines, and so on. Whereas new poetry is poetry that is not so strong.
CHAPTER
III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Poetry is the work of the old satra, where the purpose or purpose of this poem is to express the poet's feelings or imagination. poetry also has elements in its formation and elements of poetry are divided into two, namely:
a. Physical structure of poetry
b. Inner Poetry Structure
and also poetry is divided into two types, old poetry and new poetry
a. old poetry is poetry that is still bound by rules such as bait, rima, and so on.
b. new poetry is poetry that is not so related to rules like old poetry.
Poetry is the work of the old satra, where the purpose or purpose of this poem is to express the poet's feelings or imagination. poetry also has elements in its formation and elements of poetry are divided into two, namely:
a. Physical structure of poetry
b. Inner Poetry Structure
and also poetry is divided into two types, old poetry and new poetry
a. old poetry is poetry that is still bound by rules such as bait, rima, and so on.
b. new poetry is poetry that is not so related to rules like old poetry.
B.
Suggestion
often people make poetry without
any rules in it, because of that we have to understand more about the poem so
that we can make poetry well and correctly.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Klarer,
Mario. 2004. An Introduction To Literary Studies. New York: Wissen
Schattiches.
Stanton,
Robert. 1965. An Introduction To Fiction. New York: Holf.
[1] Robert Stanton, An Introduction To Fiction, (New York: Holt,
1965), page 143
[2] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 35
[3] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 39
[4] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 40
[5] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 42
[6] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 44
[7] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 49
[8] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 50
[9] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page51
[10] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 51
[11] Mario Klalrer, An Introduction To Litelary Studies, (New
York: Routledge,2004) , page 52
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