STUDENT’S PERCEPTIONS TOWARD
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
“NO HOMEWORK AT SCHOOL”
Arranged to fulfill the task of
English Language Teaching Research Course
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study
In
recent years, education in Indonesia has been a complicated topic from teacher,
student and the system is already valid. It caused by implementation 2013
curriculum and various against from some institution in most of Indonesia
region. One of the polemic is that teacher are prohibited from giving homework
for students. In July 2018 ago, Indonesian minister of education and culture in Medcom.id state that “If you
have implemented complete learning, there is no need homework” while give
permission for some region to implement. The statement supported by education
authorities in Blitar, Jawa timur release Surat Edaran (SE) or announcement
about schools are prohibited from giving homework so that student have time to
learn in family and society, based on regional.kompas.com.
Homework
based on Cooper 1989a defined as any tasks of assigned to student by school
teachers that are meant to be carried out during nonschool time. In Rethinking Homework Best Practices That
Support Diverse Needs book write about homework that is in generally,
homework viewed as a positive practice and well received as a student routine (Vatterott, 2009) . In addition, homework also influence of
student achievement significantly in positive statistic based on Cooper,
Robinson, and Pattal noted (Pickering, 2007) . Teacher of English as a Foreign
Language for over 12 yeras in New York said that homework is an extension of
the study room which lets in students to internalize data that has been offered
in elegance (Painter, 2003) .
Cooper, Robinson, and Pattal 2006 states in Wenshu Li
and friends’ journal that homework is one of the most necessary parts of
students’ outside class learning, helps student to think critical about their
environtment’s knowledge, build their own insight and brainstorming system, and
commonly encourages to overall academic success (Wenshu Li,
2018) .
Homework will help parents attention to
sit beside their children and monitor their progress. In general, the more our
civilization demanding the parents to fullfil living experiences so that they can
hand over all of the education only in the teacher domain. Whereas, parents’
support really helpful the student’s achievement. Somehow, teachers aspect will
get the impact of it. They would enable to plan new instructional materials and
classroom activities according to information of strengths and weakness by
students’ homework. (Amiryousefi, 2016)
However,
the news that have been exposed above make this topic become perennial topic in
debate’s education. Most of the expert and researcher argued that homework has important’s
role for learners in daily life and also give some benefits but on its way,
there are a great deal of researcher against with homework. One of them is
books written by Bennett and Kalish (2006) The Case Against
Homework: How Homework Is Hurting Our Children and What We Can Do About It
who tell us about the
advantages and disadvanteges from quantity and quality side of homework. They
give explanation about prove that homework spend students time with their
friends and especially their family. Teachers only give homework from the books
without comprehend how to make a good assign homework. They may think about the
pshycological aspect where student need to learn in their communities and do
not just stay in their desk.
Last
Agustus 2017, Chief of Yogyakarta Education Authorities, Edy Heri Suasana in
okezone.com convey that “There is already a commitment not to give homework to
students whose schools have implemented five school days. The goal is not to
increase the burden on students”. It means that homework make students cannot maximal
interact with family and their comunities. So that implicitly said that the
2013 curriculum prohibits homework. In regulation of the Minister of Education
and Culture of the Republic Indonesia Number 81A of 2013 concerning
Implementation of Curriculum declare in part C about Learning Load Settings
where learning load on the package system consists of face-to-face learning,
structured assignments, and independent activities. In structured assignments
there is a time allocation of 25 minutes in one lesson (45 minutes). Therefore,
it should be utilized as effectively as much as possible so that students can
manage the rest of their time at home that is scanty to socialize with others.
Field
facts about another effect of homework is emotional students. When there are
million striving from teacher and governments’ expectation which faced by
student create some stress phenomenon among students. Stankovska, Dimitrovski,
Angelkoska, Ibraimi & valbona Uka called it academic stress. They defined
academic stress as, “The anxiety and
stress that come from schooling and education” (Dimitrovski et al, 2018 p. 158).
It involves studying, homework, tests, exam, and extra-curricular activities.
Moreover,
this problem not only regarding the prectitioners and teachers side but also
students in generally. Looking at student’s perceptions could give other
perspective to see about this. Perception, according to Oxford Dictionary
describe that it is an ability to perceive or way of seeing or understanding. Therefore,
perception is a process of human interaction and how do they judge an object
around them. Every students has a different perception even though in the same
object because they have differ character, mindset, and cultural background.
Full days phenomenon in 2013 curriculum being the reason for the emergence of
this issue. Students spend their time from early morning till late afternoon in
the school. While some of the students may think that giving homework is not a
good way, tiring, and less effective.
Follow
up on the different perception among the students, the writer would like to
analyze and observe their perception. It is important to expose because student
perception also will determine the success or failure of the policy if applied
in this country. They have to know students’ feeling and response towards prohibition
of giving homework to students at school.
Based on the
statement above, researcher intend to conduct research with the title “student’s
perceptions toward the implementation of ‘no homework at school’”
1.2 Research Question
Based on the background of
the study, the research is formulated in question as follows:
1.
What are students perceptions toward the
implementation of “No Homework at School”?
2.
Is there effectiveness implementation of No Homework
based on student perceptions?
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Perception
A.1 Definition of Perception
Everyone has different perception or often uses this word to deliver
what their mind say. Perception has a great deal of definitions such as perception is a process from observation
result and case in any moment through estimation, view, smell which is then
interpreted (Siregar, 2013) . Meanwhile Haykin in his books told
that perception is the sensory evaluation of incoming streams of stimuli,
geared toward mastering the underlying physical attributes that represent the
environment in an on-line manner (Haykin, 2012)
Perception investigation needs of any feature of the world and we should
to analyze firstly the available sensory cues. The mechanism of sensory may be
innate while there is no ambiguity in the stimulus that inspires a given
reaction (Yantis, 2002). Moreover, in
development of perception be discovered that there are an incremental principle is approximately
the malleability of persona and behavior. It is primary thing that perception formed
through pernsonality and behavior.
A.2
Components of Perception
In daily life, environtment is directly influenced by
the new data recieved with the system or Cognitive information that already stored
in memory. Perception process is made up by two components (Haykin, 2012) :
1.
Recognition, getting back relevant information
about the environment who has stored in memory with the aim of representing
past data.
2.
Categorization (classification),
whether the new data is correlated with the memory.
A.3 Process of
Perception
Psychologists divide operations of perception (Haykin, 2012) as follows:
a.
Bottom-up (feedforward)
link
In this
part, there are two operations involves Retrieval ( old memory represent
features learned about the environment exactly from past stimuli) and Updeting
(old memory in bright of new information about the contained of environment in
the incoming stimuli).
b.
Top-down
(feedback) link
The aim of
this link is that acquisition of the new memory by environmental scene analyzer.
Perception
according to explanation the expert above that it is looks like two sides of a
coin where there are positive and negative. Because human will analyze every
object, do selection and interpretation to see what are they wants. If that is
positive thing then they will enjoy and feel fun but if the other side is
negative so they will have negative point of view about something.
B. Homework
Since education started in this world and appeared some innovations in
teaching and learning process, homework also has relation in education. The
contribution usually figure out some problem more and more among students,
teacher, and parents. Homework as one of learning out-of-school who has not yet
received the serious attention (Milgram, 2000) . Homework designed for student to
prepare, practice, and review what the tomorrow lesson. In some opinions
homework has become similarities with ‘doing the worksheet’ and for many
parents homework is about ‘getting the sheet done’ (McGowan, 2009).
According to Joshi Vineet said, “Homework is a revision
of what has been thaught. Homework in its true sense has fulfilled the need to
read, write and learn by rote method” (Joshi, 2013 p. 1). It would contained
the space between lessons so that student still continuing to work the lesson
in their home. Yet, teacher should to
arrage the homework with some criteria (Painter, 2003) as follows:
1.
Make it fun
As well as we know, student in secondary or across age
lavel will happy if the tasks is fun and they can enjoy with it. For instance,
read novels, watch movies, or free disccusion.
2.
Make it relevant
Homework needs useful or not for students because they have imagine
power really big. So, teacher have to creative and critical to assign homework.
3.
Match students’
learning preferences
Leaners are
really self-aware and confident to following their own path. And some of them
has different way such as they need to work in group, or learn with listening
some music, enjoying learning with reading novels, and probably they love to
drawing doodle, let them make own homework.
B.1 Benefits of Homework
After analyzing and implementing the
criteria of homework, its also provide some benefits even though many against
from all over the people. There are some benefits of homework among them are as below (Painter, 2003) :
a.
Students retain
class-thaught language
b.
Reinforce what
they have learnt
c.
Develop study
habits which ultimately allow them to develop as independent learners
d.
Their cognitive understanding of language increases
Homework is the way student
prefer to do their tasks and encourage children to learn at home with great
condition (Milgram, 2000) .
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