DISCOURSE ANALYSIS FOUR MAXIMS

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

FOUR MAXIMS

ANALYSIS FOR FOUR MAXIMS

     1.      QUANTITY

Quantity maxim means that a word must be in accordance with the limits of information that needs to be conveyed, not excessive or lacking. Maxim is generally violated a lot when we answer questions.

Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.

·         Conversation 1

Me       : Berape jam jak Kedurang tadi ning?

Nining : adak kalu lah malam nyampai tadi cung, lame tegalau

Analysis

The respon from the hearer is not fulfill the maxim of quantity. Because the speaker only want to ask how long the hearer spend the time.

·         Conversation 2

Me       : lah berape cucung di dusun ning?

Nining : Alhamdulillah lah lime cucungku di Kedurang

Analysis

The respon from the hearer is fulfill the maxim of quantity, because the hearer answer the speaker as simple as she can, simple respon but can answer the main question.

·         Conversation 3

Me       : banyak bemasak lebaran ini yuk?

Ayuk   : ghulihlah ndak lebaran pertame, asak jangan kosong geluk di atas mija tu. Tuape ame ade anak kecik, ndik tau nginak jeme ade kue, ndak e pule, mangke itulah paksekan mbuat mpuk dikit.

Analysis

            The conversation above is not fulfill the maxim of quantity. Because the respon or answer from the hearer(ayuk) is too long to answer a simple question from the speaker/me.

·         Conversation 4

Me       : Makai tuape mbuat lontong ni mangke kejal alap ni wak?

Uwak : adak nggi Makai bajik nilah kanku.

Analysis

            The conversation above is fulfill the maxim of quantity, as we know, the hearer/uwak respon the question with clear and simple answer but can make the speaker know about the flavor to make Lontong.

    2.      QUALITY

Quality is the maxim in which the words uttered by the speaker must be true and not made up, must be in accordance with the facts in the field. In this maxim do not say what you believe to be false. Please do not say something thatfor which youlack adequate evidence.

  v  Conversation 1

Me       : berape dapat THR jak di kakang Darus dek?

Lena    : besak dong, lime juta

Analysis

            The conversation above is not fulfill the quality maxim because Lena is lying the speaker about her THR. Because is too imposible to her to get THR about Five million rupiahs. So that is not fulfill the quality maxim.

  v  Conversation 2

Me       : Dimane kaba mbeli lemang ni ce?

Cahya  : Di Amerika ce haha

Analysis

            After we read the conversation above, we can know that the hearer or responden is contravene the quality maxim. Because it is imposible if the Lemang is buy in America.

  v  Conversation 3

Me                   : Dimane ghumah kamu mang?

Mamang          : Di samping puskesmas Tanah Hitam itu nah ding.

Analysis

            The conversation above is match with quality maxim because the hearer is answer with the fact in field.

  v  Conversation 4

Me       : Kebile masuk sekul dek?

Lena    :Tanggal 13 Juni ni kele yuk.

Analysis

            The conversation above is fulfill the maxim of quality, because in fact Lena is come back to school on 13^th June 2019.

    3.      RELATION

Maxim relation which is where a word must be connected between the speaker and the listener. So in this maxim ask the answer/respon have a relation(relevant) with the question.   

  Ø  Conversation 1

Me       : Dang ngape kaba ce?

Ike       : Ngantuk aku ce

Analysis

            From the conversation, the answer is have no relation with the question, because the speaker ask what the activity that the hearer do at the time not about what the feeling from the hearer.

  Ø  Conversation 2

Me       : Tuape dikerjekah lame benagh pegi tadi yuk?

Ayuk   : udim kudai, dang litak aku ni

            The conversation above is not fulfill the maxim of relation, because what? Because the speaker ask where ayuk from, but ayuk respon with other expression so the conversation is not have a correlation/relevant.

  Ø  Conversation 3

Me       : berape mbeli HP alap ni fer

Fery     : ndik ku jual stitu,

Analysis

            The conversation above is not fulfill the maxim relation. It is because what the answer from the hearer is not what the speaker wants. The speaker asked only the price of the phone, but the answer given was not connected with the question.

  Ø  Conversation 4

Me       : jeme mane calon kaba ni?

Jhon     : Jeme talo nilah, ndik pule ndak jejauh

Analysis

            The conversation above is fulfill the maxim if relation. It is because the answer from Jhon is connected with what the speaker ask.

   4.      MANNER

            Be perspicuous

            Avoid obscurity of expression

            Avoid ambiguity

            Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity)

            Be orderly

      Conversation 1

Dian    : Mintak due yuk

Me       : Tuape dek?

Dian    : kue tat tunah yuk

Analysis

            At the first sentence, Dian is contravene the maxim of manner because what that Dian said is ambiguity. She ask two but she didn’t explain what the two itself.

      Conversation 2

Cica     : (look at me)luk artis bai

Me       : siape?

Analysis

            At the first sentence, Cica is contravene the maxim of manner because what that Cica said is ambiguity. She directly said ‘’luk artis bai’’ so the hearer was confused.

      Conversation 3

Lena    : sape name kawan ayuk tadi yuk?

Me       : ye mane?

Analysis

            The first speaker is not fulfill the manner maxim because there is a ambigu sentence, the hearer was confused with the question because the hearer friends who came to their house is no only one or to but more than it.

      Conversation 4

Petugas masjid     : sape saje ye mbatak HP tolong dimatikah, kite ndak sembayang kudai .

Me                               :…………(bingung)

Analysis

   The first speaker is nt fulfill the maxim because the sentence make the hearer do not understand, the Phone should be off or the people who bring the phone?